Tinjauan Hukum Berdasarkan Statuta Roma terhadap Perlindungan Perekrutan Tentara Anak di Bawah Umur dalam Konflik Bersenjata Internasional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jass.v6i2.1930Keywords:
International Humanitarian Law, Child Soldiers, War Crimes, Rome Statute, Armed Conflict, Child ProtectionAbstract
International humanitarian law (HHI) aims to protect individuals who are not involved in armed conflict, including children who are often victims or even perpetrators of warfare. The phenomenon of recruitment of child soldiers, although prohibited in various international legal instruments, but still takes place in a number of countries in conflict. This research discusses the legal implications for parties that violate the provisions regarding the recruitment of child soldiers, focusing on the provisions in the Rome Statute that classify the recruitment of child soldiers as a war crime. In addition, it analyses the underlying causes of the armed conflict in Sudan and how international accountability mechanisms can be optimised to prosecute perpetrators of crimes against children. In addition, it identifies opportunities and constraints in realising justice for child victims of armed conflict, as well as the importance of international cooperation in providing protection and rehabilitation for them. It is hoped that the findings will provide further insight into the challenges and efforts needed to protect children's rights in the midst of war and the importance of international law enforcement to prevent the exploitation of children in armed conflict.
References
Bouvier, A. (1995). Protection of children in armed conflict: The rules of international humanitarian law and their implementation. International Review of the Red Cross, 33(310), 441–470. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020860400071448
Cahyanti, P., Utomo, T. C., & Paramasatya, S. (2017). Analisis konflik Sudan dan Sudan Selatan pasca referendum pemisahan diri Sudan Selatan dari Sudan. Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro, 3(4), 84–95.
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. (2008). Child soldiers: Global report 2008. Human Rights Watch. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/child-soldiers-global-report-2008
Fitriani, A. (2024). Perlindungan terhadap anak-anak korban konflik bersenjata dari kacamata hukum humaniter internasional: Studi kasus pengepungan Jalur Gaza (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Indonesia).
Harvard Law School. (2002). Child soldiers and the law: How international law protects children in armed conflict. Harvard Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. https://hhi.harvard.edu/publications
Henckaerts, J. M. (2005). Studi (kajian) tentang hukum humaniter internasional kebiasaan: Sebuah sumbangan bagi pemahaman dan penghormatan terhadap tertib hukum dalam konflik bersenjata. International Review of the Red Cross, 87(857).
Human Rights Watch. (2016). “It’s like we’re always in a cell”: Recruitment of children by armed groups in Syria. https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/06/22/its-were-always-cell/recruitment-children-armed-groups-syria
International Committee of the Red Cross. (2009). Children and war: The special protection of children in armed conflict. https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/publication/children-in-war.htm
Kurniawan, D. C. M., Pratama, D., Sumeru, F. A. K., Hakim, O. N., & Pratiwi, T. B. (2021). Analisis dampak hukum tentara anak dalam konflik bersenjata di Sudan menurut hukum humaniter internasional. Prosiding SERINA, 1(1), 901–912.
Marta, P., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2022). Pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan perlindungan oleh UNICEF pada penggunaan tentara anak dalam konflik bersenjata Kongo. Ganesha Law Review, 4(2), 84–92.
Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict. (2021). Annual report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict. https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org
Ranjan, T. (2013). Children in armed conflicts. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR), 2(12).
Ridzkia, Y., Pane, I. D. W., Adiputra, R., & Adhari, A. (2021). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak-anak di Sudan Selatan atas pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) berdasarkan hukum internasional. Prosiding SERINA, 1(1), 657–674.
Risnain, M. (2014). Problematika perekrutan anak dalam konflik bersenjata dan permasalahannya di Indonesia. Fiat Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum.
Tampilang, S. R., Sondakh, D. K., & Lengkong, N. (2024). Perekrutan tentara anak dalam konflik bersenjata sebagai kejahatan perang menurut hukum humaniter internasional. Lex Privatum, 13(1).
Tinambunan, H. W. (2019). Keefektifan hukum humaniter mengenai perlindungan terhadap petugas kesehatan dan tenaga medis dalam situasi konflik bersenjata (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta).
UNICEF. (t.t.). Children recruited by armed forces or armed groups. Diakses 6 Desember 2024, dari https://www.unicef.org/protection/children-recruited-by-armed-forces
United Nations. (1998). Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. New York: United Nations.
Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict. (2020). Protection of children in armed conflict: Accountability for violations. https://watchlist.org/publications
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
