Hubungan Kelimpahan Fitoplankton dengan Pertumbuhan Tiram Mutiara (Pinctada Maxima)

Elty Sunbanu; Priyo Santoso; Jusuf Roniena Manilapai

doi:10.55606/srj-yappi.v4i1.2887

Authors

Elty Sunbanu Universitas Nusa Cendana
Priyo Santoso Universitas Nusa Cendana
Jusuf Roniena Manilapai Universitas Nusa Cendana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/srj-yappi.v4i1.2887

Keywords:

Abundance Of Phytoplankton, Growth, Pearl Oysters, Tanjung Lelendo, Water Quality

Abstract

This study aims to determine the level of phytoplankton abundance in the pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) cultivation area in the waters of Tanjung Lelendo and analyze the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and pearl oyster growth. The research was carried out in the cultivation area of PT. Timor Otsuki Mutiara (PT. TOM), Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, with a purposive sampling method at eight observation points. Phytoplankton samples were collected from 50 litres of seawater using plankton nets, preserved with a Lugol solution, then identified and counted with the Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell (SRCC) under a light microscope. Data analysis was performed using simple linear regression and Pearson correlation. The results showed that phytoplankton abundance ranged from 15,400–17,336 cells/L, with the highest value at point 8 and the lowest at point 1. Variations in abundance are thought to be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrient availability, light intensity, temperature, salinity, pH, and current. Regression and correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between phytoplankton abundance and the growth length (r = -0.550) and weight (r = -0.506) of pearl oysters. This indicates that an increase in phytoplankton abundance during the study is likely to be followed by a decrease in pearl oyster growth.

References

Abida, I. W. (2010). Struktur komunitas dan kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan Muara Sungai Porong, Sidoarjo. Jurnal Kelautan, 3(1), 36–40. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/jurnalkelautan/article/viewFile/840/739

Akbar, R., Sukmawati, U. S., & Katsirin, K. (2023). Analisis data penelitian kuantitatif: Pengujian hipotesis asosiatif korelasi. Jurnal Pelita Nusantara, 1(3), 430–448. https://doi.org/10.59996/jurnalpelitanusantara.v1i3.350

Alputra, M. H., Putriningtias, A., & Isma, M. F. (2022). Effect of different stocking densities on survival and growth of pomfret (Colossoma macropomum). Jurnal Ilmiah Samudra Akuatika, 6(1), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.33059/jisa.v6i1.6508

American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, & Water Pollution Control Federation. (1989). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (17th ed.). American Public Health Association.

Anwar, K., Toelihere, M. R., Affandi, R., Azwar, N. R., & Riani, E. (2004). Kebiasaan makan tiram mutiara Pinctada maxima di perairan Teluk Sekotong, Lombok. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan dan Perikanan Indonesia, 11(2), 73–79.

Auliyah, A. N., Mukhlis, A., & Asri, Y. (2024). Pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup spat kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) dengan kombinasi fitoplankton Chaetoceros amami dan Nitzschia sp. Journal of Fish Nutrition, 3(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.29303/jfn.v3i1.5254

Cokrowati, N., Amir, S., Abidin, Z., Setyono, B. D. H., & Damayanti, A. A. (2014). Kelimpahan dan komposisi fitoplankton di perairan Teluk Kodek, Pemenang, Lombok Utara. Depik, 3(1), 21–26.

de Nys, R., & Ison, O. (2008). Biofouling. In P. C. Southgate & J. S. Lucas (Eds.), The pearl oyster (pp. 527–553). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52976-3.00015-2

Fathurrahman, & Aunurohim. (2014). Kajian komposisi fitoplankton dan hubungannya dengan lokasi budidaya kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) di perairan Sekotong, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Teknik POMITS, 3(2), E93–E98. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/15471-ID-kajian-komposisi-fitoplankton-dan-hubungannya-dengan-lokasi-budidaya-kerang-muti.pdf

Fitridge, I., Dempster, T., Guenther, J., & de Nys, R. (2012). The impact and control of biofouling in marine aquaculture: A review. Biofouling, 28(7), 649–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2012.700478

Hamzah, M. S. (2008). Pengamatan kualitas hasil operasi penyuntikan mutiara kerang mabe (Pteria penguin) di perairan Teluk Kapontori, Pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara. In D. Hardianto & M. Taufiqurrohman (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan IV (pp. II-173–II-178). Universitas Hang Tuah.

Hamzah, M. S., & Nababan, B. (2009). Studi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup anakan kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) pada kedalaman berbeda di Teluk Kapontori, Pulau Buton. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 1(2), 22–32. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalikt/article/view/7870

Hamzah, M. S., & Setyono, D. E. D. (2009). Studi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup anakan kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) pada kondisi suhu yang berbeda. In M. R. Putri, S. Hadi, D. E. D. Setyono, & F. Suciaty (Eds.), Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Tahunan ISOI 2008 (pp. 240–246). Ikatan Sarjana Oseanologi Indonesia.

Janah, S., Rahmawati, L., Nisa, A. C., Wulandari, H., Nisa, C. A., Apriyanti, Z. N., & Febriyantiningrum, K. (2024). Kelimpahan fitoplankton sebagai penentu indikator kualitas ekosistem perairan estuari di kawasan konservasi Mangrove Baros, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta. Binar: Biology Natural Resources Journal, 3(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.55719/binar.v3i2.1351

Kota, R. (2016). Pengaruh kedalaman terhadap kelangsungan hidup (survival rate) benih tiram mutiara (Pinctada maxima) stadia spat. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 9(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.9.1.30-38

Laka, R. E., Tjendanawangi, A., & Santoso, P. (2023). Pengaruh kedalaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan anakan tiram mutiara (Pinctada maxima) di PT Timor Otsuki Mutiara, Bolok, Kupang Barat. Jurnal Vokasi Ilmu-Ilmu Perikanan, 3(2), 101–107. https://jurnal.politanikoe.ac.id/index.php/jvip/article/view/6918

Mishbach, I., Zainuri, M., Widianingsih, W., Kusumaningrum, H. P., Sugianto, D. N., & Pribadi, R. (2021). Analisis nitrat dan fosfat terhadap sebaran fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator kesuburan perairan Muara Sungai Bodri. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 10(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v10i1.34645

Mujib, A. S., Damar, A., & Wardiatno, Y. (2015). Distribusi spasial dinoflagelata planktonik di perairan Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 7(2), 479–492. https://doi.org/10.28930/jitkt.v7i2.11033

Nasution, A., Widyorini, N., & Purwanti, F. (2019). Analisis hubungan kelimpahan fitoplankton dengan kandungan nitrat dan fosfat di perairan Morosari, Demak. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal, 8(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v8i2.24230

Paiki, K., & Kalor, J. D. (2017). Distribusi nitrat dan fosfat terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan pesisir Yapen Timur. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 1(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2017.001.02.3

Rahmah, N., Zulfikar, A., & Apriadi, T. (2022). Kelimpahan fitoplankton dan kaitannya dengan beberapa parameter lingkungan perairan di Estuari Sei Carang, Kota Tanjungpinang. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i2.32945

Rahman, A., Haeruddin, Ghofar, A A., & Purwanti, F. (2022). Kondisi kualitas air dan struktur komunitas diatom (Bacillariophyceae) di Sungai Babon. Saintektek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 18(2), 125–129. https://://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.18.2.125-129

Rahman, E. C., Masyamsir, & Rizal, A. (2016). Kajian variabel kualitas air dan hubungannya dengan produktivitas primer fitoplankton di perairan Waduk Darma, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 7(1), 93–102. https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/jpk/article/view/13946

Ridho, M. R., Patriono, E., & Mulyani, Y. S. (2020). Hubungan kelimpahan fitoplankton, konsentrasi klorofil-a, dan kualitas perairan pesisir Sungsang, Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i1.25745

Rigittaitta, T. M. A., Maslukah, L., & Yusuf Yusuf, M. (2015). Sebaran fosfat dan nitrat di perairan Morodemak, Kabupaten Demak. Jurnal Oseanografi, 4(2), 415–422.

Rosada, K. K., Sunardi, Pribadi, T. D.. K., & Putri, S. A. (20177). Struktur komunitas fitoplankton pada berbagai kedalaman di Pant Pantai Timur Pananjung Pangandaran. Jurnal Biodjati, 2(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v2i1.1290

Setiawan, A., Mohadi, R., & Setiawan, D. (2018). Komposisi, kekayaan, dan kelimpahan plankton di perairan Sungai Simpang Heran dan Sungai Sugihan sebagai instrumen bioindikator lingkungan hidup. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 20(1), 20–24.

Sombak, N. M., Linggi, Y., & Santoso, P. (2025). Jenis dan kepadatan fitoplankton pada kedalaman berbeda di lokasi budidaya kerang mutiara di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Laut Lombok. Jurnal Aquatik, 8(1), 81–90. https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/jaqu/article/download/23528/8409/

Southgate, P. C. (2008). Pearl oyster culture. In P. C. Southgate & J. S. Lucas (Eds.), The pearl oyster (pp. 231–272). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52976-3.00007-3

Strack, E. (2008). Introduction. In P. C. Southgate & J. S. Lucas (Eds.), The pearl oyster (pp. 1–35). Elsevier.

Taufiq-SPJ, N., Hartati, R., Cullen, J., & Masjhoer, J. M. (2007). Pertumbuhan tiram mutiara (Pinctada maxima) pada kepadatan berbeda. Ilmu Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 12(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.12.1.31-38

Tomatala, P. (2014). Efektivitas penggunaan bingkai jaring pada penjarangan benih kerang mutiara, Pinctada maxima. e-Journal Budidaya Perairan, 2(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35800/bdp.2.1.2014.3786

Toreh, P. T. J., Mamangkey, N. G. F., Boneka, F. B., Kussen, J. D., & Lumuindong, F. (2018). Species inventory and weight measurements of biofoulings attached on the pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, from Arakan waters, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX, 6(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.6.2.2018.20651

Urbasa, P. A., Undap, S. L., & Rompas, R. J. (2015). Dampak kualitas air pada budi daya ikan dengan jaring tancap di Desa Toulimembet, Danau Tondano. e-Journal Budidaya Perairan, 3(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.35800/bdp.3.1.2015.6932

Weckström, J., & Korhola, A. (2001). Patterns in the distribution, composition and diversity of diatom assemblages in relation to ecoclimatic factors in Arctic Lapland. Journal of Biogeography, 28(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00537.x

Whalan, S., Puotinen, M., Wakeford, M., Parnum, I., & Miller, K. (2021). Distribution of the pearl oyster Pinctada maxima off Eighty Mile Beach, Western Australia. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, Article 679749. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.679749

Xiang, L., Su, J., Zheng, G., Liang, J., Zhang, G., Wang, H., Xie, L., & Zhang, R. (2013). Patterns of expression in the matrix proteins responsible for nucleation and growth of aragonite crystals in flat pearls of Pinctada fucata. PLOS ONE, 8(6), Article e66564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066564

Ye, B., Gu, Z., Zhang, X., Yang, Y., Wang, A., & Liu, C. (2022). Comparative effects of microalgal species on growth, feeding, and metabolism of pearl oysters, Pinctada fucata martensii and Pinctada maxima. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, Article 895386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.895386

Zainuri, M., Indriyawati, N., Syarifah, W., & Fitriyah, A. (2023). Korelasi intensitas cahaya dan suhu terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan Estuari Ujung Piring, Bangkalan. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 12(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v12i1.44763