Penggantian Kewajiban Ekologis Sebagai Kompensasi Finansial dalam Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan untuk Pertambangan Berdasarkan Prinsip Restitutio in Integrum

Gina Agustina; Haris Retno Susmiyati; Reza Pramesta Gegana

doi:10.55606/eksekusi.v4i3.2660

Authors

Gina Agustina Program Studi Hukum, Universitas Mulawarman, Indonesia
Haris Retno Susmiyati Program Studi Hukum, Universitas Mulawarman, Indonesia
Reza Pramesta Gegana Program Studi Hukum, Universitas Mulawarman, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v4i3.2660

Keywords:

Ecological Compensation, Forest Damage, Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP), Restitutio in Integrum, Forest Area Utilization Approval (IPPKH)

Abstract

The use of forest areas for mining activities was initially carried out through the Forest Area Borrow-to-Use Permit (IPPKH) mechanism, which required companies to undertake environmental restoration through forest area exchanges. However, following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 and Government Regulation Number 23 of 2021, this mechanism changed to the Forest Area Use Agreement (PPKH) with compensation in the form of Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP) payments. This change indicates a shift from ecological compensation to financial compensation. This study aims to analyze changes in compensation regulations for forest area use for mining based on the principle of Restitutio in Integrum and their implications for business actors' responsibilities. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, and interviews as supporting data. The results show that the IPPKH mechanism still reflects real restoration efforts through the obligation to exchange forest areas. Conversely, under the PPKH mechanism, this obligation is replaced by the payment of PNBP, shifting the company's responsibility from an obligation to restore to an obligation to pay. This shift means that the principle of Restitutio in Integrum is no longer optimally fulfilled because financial payments cannot directly restore the ecological function of forest areas damaged by mining. This study concludes that the compensation mechanism in the PPKH emphasizes administrative aspects and state revenue over actual environmental restoration.

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