Analisis Komparatif Efektivitas Metode Penyelesaian Sengketa: Pendekatan Litigasi, Mediasi, Arbitrase, dan Negosiasi di Indonesia

Ahmad Syauqi Bawashir; Haridan Haridan; Faisal Maulana Zulmi

doi:10.55606/eksekusi.v4i1.2431

Authors

Ahmad Syauqi Bawashir Universitas Bahaudin Mudhary Madura
Haridan Haridan Universitas Bahaudin Mudhary Madura
Faisal Maulana Zulmi Universitas Wiraraja Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v4i1.2431

Keywords:

Arbitration, Dispute Resolution, Litigation, Mediation, Negotiation

Abstract

Litigation has long been regarded as the primary method of dispute resolution. However, in practice, it is often criticized for its lengthy procedures, high costs, and adversarial (win–lose) nature, which limit its effectiveness in restoring relationships and accommodating the parties’ interests. As a result, non-litigation alternatives such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are increasingly considered more flexible, faster, and better able to preserve relationships between the parties. This study examines the effectiveness of dispute resolution methods: litigation, mediation, arbitration, and negotiation, by focusing on key aspects, including procedure, cost, time, flexibility, and legal certainty. This approach is used to identify the characteristics of each method in responding to various types of disputes, particularly within complex business and civil law contexts. The findings indicate that no single method can be considered universally effective for all types of disputes. Litigation remains relevant as an ultimum remedium in the enforcement of formal law, especially when binding and enforceable decisions are required. Meanwhile, negotiation serves as the simplest, fastest, and most cost-efficient initial option, allowing parties greater autonomy in reaching agreements. Mediation has proven effective in producing collaborative, consensus-based solutions that support long-term relationships, while arbitration offers a balance between efficiency and legal certainty through final and confidential decisions.

References

Ahadi, L. M. A. (2022). Efektivitas hukum dalam perspektif filsafat hukum: Relasi urgensi sosialisasi terhadap eksistensi produk hukum. Jurnal USM Law Review, 5(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v5i1.4965

Al Baihaqi, A. Z., Marshanda, D., & Suherman, A. (2025). Pengaruh alternative dispute resolution terhadap pergeseran tren penyelesaian sengketa melalui jalur litigasi. Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 1(4), 481–490. https://jurnal.globalscients.com/index.php/jkhpk/article/view/666

Amalia, R. (2022). Model penyelesaian sengketa dan perkara pidana in and out side court. Maslahah (Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perbankan Syariah), 12(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.33558/maslahah.v12i2.3202

Arifuddin, dkk. (2025). Metodologi penelitian hukum. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.

Azis, P., Kholid, M., & Nasrudin, N. (2024). Perbandingan lembaga penyelesaian sengketa: Litigasi dan non-litigasi. Qanuniya: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1(2), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.15575/qanuniya.v1i2.896

Bafelix Marlon Naitboho, B., Helan, Y. G. T., & Nuban, D. K. E. R. (2024). Tanggung jawab Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Kupang dalam menjamin kepastian hukum bagi pasangan suami-isteri yang melangsungkan perkawinan di Kecamatan Amarasi Timur. Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik, 2(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.62383/demokrasi.v2i1.641

Basri, A. D. (2025). Mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa non litigasi dengan proses arbitrase. Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syari'ah, 6(4), 1167–1189. https://doi.org/10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.58287

Cahyandari, D. (2025). Perbedaan litigasi, arbitrase, mediasi, dan negosiasi. Dalam Alternatif penyelesaian sengketa melalui mediasi: Perspektif hukum dan praktik. Sada Kurnia Pustaka.

Diah, M. M. (2016). Prinsip dan bentuk-bentuk alternatif penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Dinamika Masyarakat, 5(2), 11–122. https://doi.org/10.36356/HDM.V5I2.378

Effendy, M. (2024a). Dinamika penyelesaian sengketa perdata. Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(6), 706–715. https://shorturl.at/VjT8L

Firmansyah, E., Dewi, C. I. D. L., & Karo, R. K. (2022). Penerapan access to justice melalui bantuan hukum non litigasi berbasis kearifan lokal. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 10(2), 60–82. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v10i2.273

Nugroho, L. D., Putri, M. M. E., & Maysunah, M. (2025). Keunggulan penyelesaian sengketa alternatif dibandingkan dengan litigasi di pengadilan. Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Humaniora, 4(2), 451–464. https://doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v4i2.6009

Nugroho, S. A. (2019). Manfaat mediasi sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. Prenhallindo Media.

Permanasari, A. (2019). Akses mendapatkan keadilan (access to justice): Hak konsumen atas alternatif penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan. Dialogia Iuridica, 10(2), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.28932/di.v10i2.1532

Purwanza, S. W. (2022). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan kombinasi. Media Sains Indonesia.

Putra, R. K., Kalsum, U., Gusmarani, R., & Sony, E. (2024a). Efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa secara non litigasi. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(6), 2200–2206. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i6.5548

Quintarti, M. A. L. (2024). Konsekuensi hukum terhadap wanprestasi dalam perjanjian bisnis. Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(8), 3176–3183. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i8.5997

Rosalina, F. (2024). Efektivitas pengadilan litigasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa bisnis. JOLS: Journal of Legal Sustainability, 1(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.69693/jols.v1i1.28

Sudiarto, Kurniawan, & Munandar, A. (2023). Penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan (dispute resolution outside of court). Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum, 8(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v8i1.131

Suparlan, S., & Munawirsazali, M. (2025). Dinamika hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa bisnis: Perspektif konseling. Asas Wa Tandhim: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan dan Sosial Keagamaan, 4(2), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.47200/awtjhpsa.v4i2.2828