Pendekatan Diet “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)” pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi

Tarhim Tarhim; Sudiarto Sudiarto; Eko Julianto

doi:10.55606/srj-yappi.v4i5.3069

Authors

Tarhim Tarhim Politeknik Yakpermas
Sudiarto Sudiarto Politeknik Yakpermas
Eko Julianto Politeknik Yakpermas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/srj-yappi.v4i5.3069

Keywords:

Blood Pressure, Community Health, DASH Diet, Elderly, Posyandu

Abstract

Diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) adalah salah satu intervensi non-farmakologis yang direkomendasikan secara global untuk hipertensi pada lansia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kepatuhan terhadap diet DASH di antara lansia dengan hipertensi di Posyandu Lansia di Desa Gumiwang, Purwanegara, Banjarnegara. Studi deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dilakukan. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 40 pasien lansia dengan hipertensi. Sampel sebanyak 30 responden dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yang jelas. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner kepatuhan diet DASH 24 item yang telah divalidasi dan pengukuran tekanan darah. Analisis univariat statistik digunakan untuk interpretasi data. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden termasuk dalam kelompok usia lansia 60-74 tahun (83,33%) dan didiagnosis dengan hipertensi Grade 1 (70,00%). Penilaian kepatuhan mengungkapkan bahwa 100% responden (n=30) dikategorikan patuh terhadap pedoman diet DASH. Para lansia penderita hipertensi di desa Gumiwang menunjukkan kepatuhan penuh terhadap diet DASH. Namun, hipertensi yang menetap di antara responden yang patuh menggarisbawahi sifat multifaktorial hipertensi, yang membutuhkan strategi klinis dan gaya hidup komprehensif di luar sekadar pengelolaan diet .

References

A’isyah Nurhayati Ummy, Ariyanto, A., & Syafriakhwan, F. (2023). Hubungan usia dan jenis kelamin terhadap kejadian hipertensi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat LPPM Universitas ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, 1, 363–369.

Barbieri, G., Garcia-Larsen, V., Lundin, R., Fujii, R., Ferraro, P. M., Gambaro, G., Melotti, R., Gögele, M., Cazzoletti, L., Pramstaller, P. P., Zanolin, M. E., Pattaro, C., & Hantikainen, E. (2026). DASH diet, reduced rank regression dietary patterns and relations with kidney function in the CHRIS general population study. BMC Nephrology, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04896-z

Budiman, C., Asri, Y., & Maharani, A. S. (2026). Hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dan gaya hidup dengan derajat hipertensi pada lansia di pusat pelayanan kesehatan primer di Indonesia. Borobudur Nursing Review, 6(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.31603/bnur.16917

C, C., B, M., & A, S. I. (2020). A study to assess the effectiveness of breathing exercise among hypertensive patients. International Journal of Advance Research in Nursing, 3(2), 157–159. https://doi.org/10.33545/nursing.2020.v3.i2c.114

Cheraghi, Z., Azmi-naei, B., Cheraghi, P., & Doosti-irani, A. (2025). The global prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25, Article 4259.

Dianati, Z., Shahrokhnia, N., Hekmatdoost, A., Ghorbani, M., Sadeghi, A., & Yari, Z. (2026). The association of dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) with risk of gallstone disease: A case control study. BMC Nutrition, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-026-01246-y

Fajri, U. N. (2024). Faktor determinan penyakit tidak menular (hipertensi dan diabetes melitus) pada usia produktif di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Preventif: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 14(3), 615–633. https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v14i3.1007

Farizin, S., Handayani, A., F, E. R., & Laelasari. (2025). Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kejadian hipertensi pada usia dewasa di Desa Darma wilayah kerja Puskesmas Darma Kabupaten Kuningan. Jurnal SIAKAD, 1–7.

Fauziah, R. A., Hidayah, N., Margono, M., & Seaharattanapatum, B. (2022). Slow deep breathing for hypertensives with poor tissue perfusion. Innovation in Health for Society, 2(1), 18–21. https://doi.org/10.31603/ihs.7229

Gea, W. S. (2022). Gambaran kepatuhan diet pada pasien hipertensi di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan tahun 2022. STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan.

Genc, Z. B., & Saritas, S. C. (2025). Investigation of attitudes of hypertension patients toward holistic complementary and alternative medicine. Advances in Integrative Medicine, 12(4), Article 100534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aimed.2025.100534

Ghebre, Y. T., Yakubov, E., Wong, W. T., & Krishnamurthy, P. (2016). Vascular aging: Implications for cardiovascular disease and therapy. Translational Medicine, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1025.1000183

Golzarand, M., Nikparast, A., Khodayari, G., Vakilbashi, N., Mirmiran, P., & Azizi, F. (2026). Healthy diet scores and ultra-processed foods with incident coronary heart disease: A prospective study. Nutrition & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01134-z

Hikmayani, A. A., & Rachmawan, Y. P. (2024). Profile of hypertensive Indonesian patients in a cardiovascular hospital using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring focused on resistant hypertension. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 28, Article 101665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2024.101665

Insani, W. N., Wei, L., Abdulah, R., Alfian, S. D., Ramadhani, N. A., Andhika, R., Zakiyah, N., Adesuyan, M., Pamela, Y., Mustafa, R., & Whittlesea, C. (2025). Exploring the association of adverse drug reactions with medication adherence and quality of life among hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 47(2), 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-024-01832-9

Iqbal, M. F., & Handayani, S. (2022). Terapi farmakologi pada hipertensi. Jurnal Untuk Masyarakat Sehat (JUKMAS), 6(1), 41–51.

Irwan, A. M., Potempa, K., Abikusno, N., & Syahrul, S. (2022). Self-care management for hypertension in Southeast Asia: A scoping review. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 15, 2015–2032. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S367638

Izzati, W., Kurniawati, D., & Dewi, T. O. (2021). Pengaruh slow deep breathing terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. JIK Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 5(2), 331. https://doi.org/10.33757/jik.v5i2.436

Jung, S. Y. (2026). Hypertension and epigenetic aging: Socio-biological pathways of health disparity. Clinical Epigenetics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-026-02117-w

Kandil, H., Soliman, A., Alghamdi, N. S., Jennings, J. R., & El-Baz, A. (2023). Using mean arterial pressure in hypertension diagnosis versus using either systolic or diastolic blood pressure measurements. Biomedicines, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030849

Kartika Saptarena, Y., Mulyono, W. A., & Anam, A. (2021). Relationship between self-concept and medical check-up compliance in hypertension elderly at Puskesmas Wanadadi 2 Banjarnegara. Journal of Bionursing, 3(3), 195–200.

Khotimah, A. Q., & Prajayanti, E. D. (2024). Penerapan terapi relaksasi Benson terhadap tekanan darah sistole pada lansia dengan hipertensi di Kelurahan Bejen Kabupaten Karanganyar. Jurnal Medika Nusantara, 2(3), 115–134. https://doi.org/10.59680/medika.v2i3.1258

Mace, H. P., & Clark, D. (2026). Attributable risk of hypertension for cardiovascular disease. Current Hypertension Reports, 28(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-026-01363-w

Marcus, M. E., Reuter, A., Rogge, L., Diba, F., Marthoenis, & Vollmer, S. (2025). Hypertension and diabetes screening uptake in adults aged 40–70 in Indonesia: A knowledge, attitudes, and practices study. BMC Global and Public Health, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00157-7

Mohi, N. Y., & Ahmad, Z. F. (2024). The factors associated with hypertension in elderly in the working area of Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Wonggarasi I. Journal Health & Science: Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community, 8(1), 1–13.

Mustajab, A. A., & Resmi, D. C. (2025). Faktor risiko hipertensi pada usia dewasa dan lansia. Wiraraja Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, 15(2), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.24929/fik.v15i2.4123

North, B. J., & Sinclair, D. A. (2012). The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circulation Research, 110(8), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876

Nuriliani, A., Apriliyani, T., Pusparini, N. A. O., Karmilah, K., Rohmah, Z., & Tunjung, W. A. S. (2024). Mekanisme penyakit kardiovaskular terkait penuaan. Bioma: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 26(2), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.14710/bioma.2024.59115

Nurrahmanto, F. (2021). Pengaruh rebusan daun pegagan terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia di Desa Tersan Gede Kecamatan Salam. Borobudur Nursing Review, 1(2), 56–66.

Ogungbe, O., Adebowale, O., Turkson-Ocran, R. A. N., Hinneh, T., Metlock, F. E., Ajibewa, T. A., Alharthi, A., Dugbartey, J., Rayani, A., Oborevwori, E., Teshome, B., Koirala, B., Baptiste, D. L., Al-Rousan, T., & Commodore-Mensah, Y. (2026). Hypertension disparities in immigrant and refugee populations: Screening, treatment access, and cultural barriers. Current Hypertension Reports, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-025-01344-5

Ola, F. K. (2024). Implementation of breathing exercises at home in hypertension patients in adults aged 36–45 years. Buletin Poltanesa, 25(2), 277–281. https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v25i2.3198

Patel, H., Kyung, S., Fugar, S., Goldberg, A., Madan, N., & Williams, K. A. (2020). Hypertension in older adults: Assessment, management, and challenges. Clinical Cardiology, 43, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23303

Pothuraju, S., Narayanan, S., Chen, S. J., Hussain, A., Al-Salmay, Y., Eng, M., Vanatta, J. M., Bonnes, S. L. R., Park, S., & Jones, C. M. (2026). Healthy diet for healthy minds: Insights from recent epidemiological studies. Current Nutrition Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-026-00789-7

Safitri, W., & Astuti, H. P. (2017). Pengaruh senam hipertensi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah di Desa Blembem wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gondangrejo. Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada, 129–134. https://doi.org/10.34035/jk.v8i2.230

Savinka, V., Siwi, A. S., & Andini, A. (2026). Edukasi aktivitas fisik senam hipertensi untuk menurunkan risiko stroke pada lansia. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Medika, 6(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.23917/jpmmedika.v6i1.16400

Sulistianto, E., Wirakhmi, I. N., & Susanto, A. (2021). Pengaruh senam hipertensi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah di Desa Panerusan Kulon wilayah kerja Puskesmas Susukan 2 Kabupaten Banjarnegara (hlm. 637–647). [Nama publikasi belum tersedia.]

Susaldi, Rahayu, P., & Okstoria, M. R. (2023). Penerapan senam hipertensi dan rebusan air daun salam untuk hipertensi. Pengabdian Masyarakat Saga Komunitas, 2(2), 182–189.

Tjandrarini, D. H., Kristanti, D., Wurisastuti, T., Hidayangsih, P. S., Tuminah, S., Paramita, A., Kusrini, I., Dharmayanti, I., Dany, F., Ahmadi, F., & Titaley, C. R. (2024). Pandemic pressure: Changes in hypertensive management adherence in Indonesia. Asian Nursing Research, 18(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2024.04.005

Ünal, M., & Katkat, A. V. (2009). The effects of food industry sludge on soil properties and growing of maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7(2), 435–440.

Vempati, R., Alla, S. S. M., Agarwal, P., Tarannum, S., Ahmed, S. K., Alla, D., Tekuru, Y., Rohan, R. P., Bayeh, R. G., Dutta, N., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2026). Current guidelines in hypertension management with special focus on management of extremely high blood pressure: A systematic review. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-05437-6

Willson, P. D., Mills, T., Williams, N. S., & Rogers, J. (1995). Electrosurgical safety during laparoscopic surgery. Minimally Invasive Therapy and Allied Technologies, 4(4), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.3109/13645709509152777

Yunus, M., Aditya, I. W. C., & Eksa, D. R. (2021). Hubungan usia dan jenis kelamin dengan kejadian hipertensi di Puskesmas Haji Pemanggilan Kecamatan Anak Tuha Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 8(3), 1–13.

Yusniar, Wida, M. M., & Asri, Y. (2026). Hubungan status pekerjaan dengan stadium hipertensi pada pasien pelayanan kesehatan primer di Indonesia. Rawat Jurnal Update Keperawatan, 6(1), 389–395.

Zhu, T., Meng, P., & Zhou, Y. (2026). An interpretable deep learning approach for hypertension risk assessment in the elderly. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 112(Part B), Article 108479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2025.108479