Analisis Klausula Baku dalam Kontrak Digital dan Perlindungan Konsumen di Indonesia: Telaah Normatif terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 23/PUU-XX/2022

Alifnur Putri Yohana Sitinjak; Pardamean Harahap; Luthy Yustika

doi:10.55606/eksekusi.v4i4.2871

Authors

Alifnur Putri Yohana Sitinjak Universitas Esa Unggul
Pardamean Harahap Universitas Esa Unggul
Luthy Yustika Universitas Esa Unggul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v4i4.2871

Keywords:

Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law, Constitutional Court Decision Number 23/PUU-XX/2022, Consumer Protection, Digital Contracts, Standard Clauses

Abstract

The rapid growth of the digital economy has accelerated the use of electronic contracts, which are commonly drafted using standard clauses. While these clauses enhance transactional efficiency, they may also create an imbalance in bargaining power because consumers have no opportunity to negotiate the contract terms. This study aims to examine the regulation of standard clauses in electronic contracts under Indonesian positive law and evaluate the effectiveness of Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection following Constitutional Court Decision Number 23/PUU-XX/2022. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through library research on legislation, court decisions, and scholarly literature and analyzed qualitatively through normative interpretation. The findings indicate that Indonesian law recognizes the validity of electronic contracts and standard clauses through the Civil Code, the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and their implementing regulations. However, the regulation of unilateral contract modifications, platform liability limitations, personal data processing, and dispute resolution clauses remains inadequate. Although Article 18 continues to provide an important legal basis for consumer protection, its effectiveness is constrained by unequal bargaining power, limited legal literacy, and weak regulatory oversight. Therefore, more adaptive legal reform is needed to strengthen consumer protection and ensure legal certainty in digital transactions.

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