Menggugat Netralitas Hukum Pidana: Perdebatan Ideologis di Balik Kebijakan Kriminal di Negara-Negara Liberal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v2i4.1546Keywords:
Criminal Law; Criminal Policy; Liberal.Abstract
A number of liberal countries, such as the United States, England, Germany, and Sweden, have legal systems that claim to uphold the principles of democracy and human rights. However, in practice, there are more complex political dynamics. Behind the seemingly neutral codification of criminal law, there are ideological influences that are often invisible to the naked eye. This study uses a normative legal research method with a comparative approach. Data collection was collected using library research, then analyzed qualitatively and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that from the analysis of criminal policy in the United States, England, Germany, and Sweden, it is clear that criminal law not only functions as a mechanism for enforcing justice, but also as an instrument that reflects and responds to political and social dynamics in each country. Although each country has a different context and approach, there are common patterns that can be seen in criminal policy in these countries. Criminal law not only functions to uphold justice objectively, but also becomes an arena where political ideology, public fears, and social challenges meet and shape policies that ultimately affect the lives of millions of people.References
Anna H. Berman. (2004). The Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program: Assessing Short and Long Term Outcomes Among Male Swedish Prisoners. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 40(1), 103–185.
C. S. Hay, S. F., & N. Burke. (2015). Revisiting Margaret Thatcher’s Law and Order Agenda: The Slow-Burning Fuse of Punitiveness. British Politics, 11(2), 205–231.
Dieter Grimm. (2015). The Role of Fundamental Rights After Sixty-Five Years of Constitutional Jurisprudence in Germany. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 13(1), 9–29.
Donald P. Kommers. (2019). The Basic Law: A Fifty Year Assessment. German Law Journal, 20(4), 571–582.
Gert-Joachim Glaessner. (2003). Internal Security and the New Anti-Terrorism Act. German Politics, 12(1), 43–58.
Giulia Lotti. (2016). Tough on Young Offenders: Harmful or Helpful? . Journal of Human Resources, 57(1), 1276–1310.
Jacqueline E. Ross. (2005). Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court and the Regulation of GPS Surveillance. German Law Journal, 6(12), 1805–1812.
Lynn Adelman. (2021). Sentencing Drug Offenders Justly While Reducing Mass Incarceration. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 34(1), 1–88.
Margarita Dobrynina. (2017). The Roots of “Penal Populism”: The Role of Media and Politics. Kriminologijos Studijos, 4(4), 99–123.
Muhammad Ahsan Jamal, & Yue Xie. (2021). Evaluating the German Position Towards Ayslum Seekers During the 2015 European Refugee Crisis. European Scientific Journal, 17(28), 18–34.
Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng, & Zul Khaidir Kadir. (2023). Hukum Pidana 101. Arti Bumi Intaran.
Oliver Lepsius. (2004). Liberty, Security, and Terrorism: The Legal Position in Germany. German Law Journal, 5(5), 435–460.
P. J. Murphy. (2004). Support for the Death Penalty: Instrumental Response to Crime, or Symbolic Attitude? . Journal of Prisoners on Prison, 13(1), 140–150.
R. Nilsson. (2013). From Learning to Labour to Learning to Self-Control: The Paradigmatic Change in Swedish Prison Policy. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 14(1), 24–45.
Robert C. Hauhart. (2011). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. American Sociological Associatio, 40(5), 557–559.
Sheri Lynn Johnson. (2020). The Influence of Latino Ethnicity on the Imposition of the Death Penalty. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 16(1), 421–431.
Sigrid Nikka. (2024). Den Allmänna Repressionsnivån Och Brottens Relativa Allvar. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab, 111(2), 104–125.
Stephen Tripode. (2014). Emphasis on Rehabilitation. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(1), 891–893.
T. Tyler, & R. Weber. (1982). Support for the Death Penalty: Instrumental Response to Crime, or Symbolic Attitude? Law & Society Review, 17(1), 21–45.
Tammy S. Garland, & Vic W. Bumphus. (2012). Race, Bias, and Attitudes Toward Drug Control Policy. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice, 101(1), 148–161.
Vanstone M, & Priestley P. (2022). The Palgrave Handbook of Global Rehabilitation in Criminal Justice . Palgrave Macmillan.
W. Jennings, S. Farral, Emily Gray, & C. Hay. (2017). Penal Populism and the Public Thermostat: Crime, Public Punitiveness, and Public Policy. Governance, 30(3), 463–481.
