Aspek Sejarah Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Digital: dari Transaksi Konvensional ee Ekonomi Platform dan Pinjaman Online

Fransisca Nada Prajna Paramitha; Iqbal Fadillah Harahap; Saefullah Saefullah

doi:10.55606/birokrasi.v4i2.2837

Authors

Fransisca Nada Prajna Paramitha Universitas Krisnadwipayana
Iqbal Fadillah Harahap Universitas Krisnadwipayana
Saefullah Saefullah Universitas Krisnadwipayana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/birokrasi.v4i2.2837

Keywords:

Digital Consumer Protection, Electronic Transactions, Legal History, Online Lending, Platform Economy

Abstract

The rapid growth of the digital economy has fundamentally transformed the legal relationship between consumers and business actors, shifting conventional transactions toward digital platform-based interactions. The emergence of e-commerce, financial technology (fintech), and online lending services has expanded the scope of consumer protection beyond product and service safety to include personal data protection, electronic contracts, cybersecurity, and algorithm transparency. This study aims to examine the historical development of digital consumer protection law in Indonesia and analyze the evolution of legal relationships within the platform economy. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of legislation, legal documents, and relevant scholarly publications concerning digital consumer protection. The findings reveal that the platform economy has transformed consumer protection from a bilateral relationship between sellers and buyers into a more complex multilateral legal relationship involving digital platform operators, personal data controllers, and algorithm-driven decision-making systems. Indonesian legal frameworks, including Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, Law Number 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions, and POJK Number 40 of 2024 on Information Technology-Based Joint Funding Services, reflect ongoing legal adaptation to technological advancements. This study contributes a comprehensive perspective on the evolution of consumer protection law by emphasizing emerging legal relationships shaped by digital platforms, electronic agreements, algorithmic governance, and personal data management in the digital economy.

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