Peraturan Sport Fishing di Indonesia Perspektif Fikih Lingkungan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/birokrasi.v4i3.2676Keywords:
Sport FishingAbstract
Sport fishing or recreational fishing has grown rapidly in Indonesia as a maritime tourism sector, yet it remains inadequately regulated from the perspectives of animal welfare and Islamic environmental jurisprudence. This study employs a normative legal research method with statute, conceptual, and comparative. The findings reveal that Indonesian law, primarily the Fisheries Act No. 45/2009 and Ministerial Regulation No. 27/2021, remains anthropocentric and administratively limited, failing to address the ethical dimension of fish suffering as sentient beings. From the Islamic jurisprudential perspective, the principle of la dharar wa la dhirar and the maqashid al-syariah framework indicate that sport fishing conducted purely for recreation, without proportionate benefit (maslahah), is ethically problematic. Furthermore, the principles of fiqh al-bahr including hima (protected zones), prohibition of israf (excess), and ihya’ al-mawat (ecosystem rehabilitation) alongside fatwas from MUI, Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami, and Dar al-Ifta’ al-Mishriyyah, collectively provide a robust normative basis for integrating Islamic values into fisheries regulation. This study recommends revising Ministerial Regulation No. 27/2021 to incorporate humane handling standards, enacting specific animal welfare regulations for recreational fisheries, and formally integrating Islamic environmental jurisprudence as an ethical foundation for national fisheries policy.
References
Abu Zahrah, Muhammad. Ushul al-Fiqh. Kairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, t.t.
Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail. Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Adab, Bab Rahmat al-Nas wa al-Bahaʼim, Hadis No. 6009.
Al-Buti, Muhammad Saʼid Ramadan. Dhawābit al-Maslaha fi al-Shariʼa al-Islamiyya. Damaskus: Dar al-Muttahida, 2000.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. Al-Mustasfa min ʼIlm al-Usul. Beirut: Dar Ihyaʼ al-Turath al-Arabi, 1993.
Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Riʼayat al-Biʼah fi Shariʼat al-Islam (Perlindungan Lingkungan dalam Syariat Islam). Kairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 2001.
Al-Qurʼan al-Karim. Surah Al-Anʼam (6): 38.
Al-Shatibi, Abu Ishaq. Al-Muwafaqat fi Usul al-Shariʼah. Beirut: Dar al-Maʼrifah, 1975.
Al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din. Al-Ashbah wa al-Nazaʼir fi Qawaʼid wa Furuʼ Fiqh al-Shafiʼiyyah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1983.
Braithwaite, Victoria A., dan Felicity Huntingford. “Fish and Welfare: Do Fish Have the Capacity for Pain Perception and Suffering?” Animal Welfare 13, sup. 1 (2004): S87–S92.
Broom, Donald M. “Sentience, Animal Welfare and Sustainable Production.” Dalam Sustainable Animal Production, diedit oleh Kebreab Ermias. Wallingford: CABI, 2013.
Burhani, Shidik, Syamsul Marlin Amir, dan Alim Budiman. “Komparasi Kriteria Teknis dan Operasional Klasifikasi Kelas Pelabuhan Perikanan di Indonesia Berdasarkan PP No. 27/2021 dan PERMEN KP No. PER. 08/MEN/2012.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan 5 (2024): 121–130.
Cooke, Steven J., dan Cory D. Suski. “Do We Need Species-Specific Guidelines for Catch-and-Release Recreational Angling to Effectively Conserve Diverse Fishery Resources?” Biodiversity and Conservation 14, no. 5 (2005): 1195–1209.
Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Pedoman Umum Pengelolaan Perikanan Berkelanjutan. Jakarta: DKP, 2020.
Friedman, Lawrence M. The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.
Gerungan, Kirsten Kimberly Injily, Rini Darmastuti, dan Dian Novita Kristiyani. “Strategi komunikasi Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan dalam mensosialisasikan kebijakan penangkapan ikan terukur.” Scriptura 14, no. 1 (2024): 1–13.
Girsang, Amenson. “Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1990 Tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati Dan Ekosistemnya.” Universitas Medan Area, 2020.
Ibrahim, Johnny. Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2007.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. Statistik Kelautan dan Perikanan 2022. Jakarta: KKP, 2022.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Data dan Informasi Kinerja Pembangunan Kelautan dan Perikanan 2021. Jakarta: KKP, 2021.
Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar. Hukum, Masyarakat dan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional. Bandung: Binacipta, 1995.
Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar. Konsep-Konsep Hukum dalam Pembangunan. Bandung: Alumni, 2002.
Lestari, Dewi Puji, dan Ahmad Fauzan. “Sport Fishing dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekosistem Perairan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pengelolaan Perikanan Tropis 8, no. 1 (2021): 23–38.
Luth, Thohir, Siti Rohmah, Nur Chanifah, Moh Anas Kholish, dan Ranitya Ganindha. “Coastal Ulama Ijtihād and Destructive Fishing Prevention in Indonesia.” AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 2 (2022).
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2016.
Muhaimin, Muhaimin. “Fatwa mui nomor 22 tahun 2011 tentang pertambangan ramah lingkungan perspektif maqashid al-syari’ah.” YUDISIA: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam 13, no. 1 (2022): 49–64.
Munib, Munib, Rafik Patrajaya, Reza Noor Ihsan, dan Muhammad Amin. “Conservation Environmental sustainability in the perspective of Islamic legal philosophy.” Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam 6, no. 2 (2022): 556–72.
Muslim, Abu al-Husayn. Sahih Muslim. Kitab al-Sayd wa al-Dhabaʼih, Hadis No. 1955; Kitab al-Salam, Hadis No. 2244.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. Religion and the Order of Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Encounter of Man and Nature: The Spiritual Crisis of Modern Man. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1968.
PRADIPTA, EVAN MAHADIKA. “Penegakan hukum terhadap illegal fishing berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perikanan di Kabupaten Gunungkidul.” Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2022.
Rahmasari, Dina, Putri Balqis Salsabila, dan Tsabbita Ahmilul Husna. “Menemukenali Perwujudan Konstitusi Hijau Yang Bercorak Antroposentrisme Dan Penerapan Demokrasi di Indonesia.” Journal of Studia Legalia 4, no. 02 (2023).
Regan, Tom. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 tentang Perikanan sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun 2009. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 154.
Santoso, Didik Haryadi, dan Anik Susanti. “Animal Welfare dalam Perspektif Hukum Indonesia: Menuju Reformasi Legislasi.” Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan 53, no. 1 (2023): 45–68.
Santoso, Heri, dan Tri Prasetyo. “Potensi Ekonomi Sport Fishing sebagai Sektor Wisata Minat Khusus di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ekonomi Pesisir 5, no. 1 (2023): 45–62.
Sholihin, Abdu Salafush. “Menelisik Urgensitas Fikih Ekologi Terhadap Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup.” Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah 6, no. 3 (2025): 637–46.
Soekanto, Soerjono, dan Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2015.
Soekanto, Soerjono. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press, 2010.
Subakir, Ahmad, Nur Wakhidah, Gusti Muzainah, Sadiani Sadiani, dan Raihanah Abdullah. “Synergy of Samin Culture With Environmental Fiqh in Central Java.” Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 24, no. 1 (2024): 224–40.
Sukmara, Arif, dan Bambang Haryanto. “Perkembangan Sport Fishing di Indonesia: Tinjauan Ekonomi dan Regulasi.” Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia 14, no. 2 (2022): 88–102.
Sunggono, Bambang. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2012.
Sutrisno, Mochamad. “Rekonstruksi Regulasi Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Illegal Fishing Berbasis Nilai Keadilan.” Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (Semarang), 2022.
Syaikhu, Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, Muhammad Hafiz Badarulzaman, Reza Noor Ihsan, and Rafik Patrajaya. “Community, Family and Animal Conservation Sustainability in the Perspective of Normative Law and Maqasid Sharia.” El Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 7 (2024). https://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/usrah/article/view/25085.
Taufiqurrahman, Taufiqurrahman, Zailani Zailani, dan Wilaela Wilaela. “Studi Tematik Hadis-hadis Konservasi Alam Perspektif Ilmu Ma’anil Hadis.” Jurnal An-Nur 11, no. 2 (2022): 142–53.
Thobroni, Ahmad Yusam. “Fikih Kelautan: Perspektif Al Quran tentang Pengelolaan Potensi Laut.” Al Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman 4, no. 2 (2005).
Usman, Abdurrahman Supardi. “Lingkungan hidup sebagai subjek hukum: Redefinisi relasi hak asasi manusia dan hak asasi lingkungan hidup dalam perspektif negara hukum.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 26, no. 1 (2018): 1–16.
Von Moltke, Konrad. “The Relationship between Policy, Science, Law and Politics in the Implementation of the Precautionary Principle.” Dalam Interpreting the Precautionary Principle, diedit oleh Tim O’Riordan dan James Cameron. London: Earthscan, 1994.
Wadiwel, Dinesh Joseph. The War Against Animals. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Widodo, Joko, dkk. “Analisis Kebijakan Wisata Memancing dalam Kerangka Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan 6, no. 2 (2022): 112–128.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Birokrasi: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN TATA NEGARA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
